Federal and Kauai officers arrested five residents on 31 August 2007 and seized 5,922 marijuana plants from state land in dense jungle at the foot of Mount Waialeale, in an investigation called Operation Green Stream.[1] The plants had a street value of about $5.9 million, roughly $1,000 of processed marijuana per plant, making it what US Attorney Ed Kubo called the largest outdoor marijuana growing operation ever prosecuted in Hawaii.[1][2]

Those charged with cultivating more than 1,000 plants were Edward Holland, his sons Robert and Ryan Bihm, Robert’s wife Melissa Bihm, and Mark Steven Darling.[1] All but Holland faced ten years to life in prison; Holland, convicted in 1991 over 97 lb of marijuana and mailing 2,242 grams, faced twenty years to life.[1]

The case began with a tip in November 2006, followed by aerial surveillance over the Blue Hole area and a ground check that found plants, growbags and gardening tools about an hour’s hike from the end of Kuamoo Road.[1] Officers videotaped the suspects tending the crop on 30 July and 13 August, seized six trucks used to move the marijuana, and recovered no firearms or cash.[1] Kubo speculated the crop was bound for sale locally and on the US mainland.[1]