Since the start of 2022, the Jordanian army has intercepted more than 17,000 packets of hashish on the Syrian border.[1] In the same period the army intercepted 17 million Captagon pills, a figure that is not a cannabis quantity.[1]

Jordan is largely a transit route for the region’s drug trade, with the Gulf states, particularly Saudi Arabia, the biggest market.[1] Skirmishes between the Jordanian military and drug traffickers were becoming more frequent, with larger hauls being made, and a colonel estimated about 160 armed groups operate in southern Syria.[1] The killing of a Jordanian soldier by smugglers in January 2022 prompted the army to adopt a shoot-to-kill policy in its rules of engagement.[1]